Transformer yog ib qho khoom siv uas hloov AC voltage, tam sim no thiab impedance. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm transformer yog tias nws yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub uas ua los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction. Muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm ntawm nws. Raws li nws cov haujlwm tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua pulse fais fab transformer, nruab nrab zaus transformer, trigger transformer, shielding transformer, thiab lwm yam.
Transformer yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los yog xa cov teeb liab ntawm ib lub voj voog mus rau lwm lub voj voog los ntawm kev siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob lossis cov teeb liab kis. Transformer yog ib qho khoom siv uas hloov AC voltage, tam sim no thiab impedance. Thaum AC tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub hauv paus kauj, AC magnetic flux yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlau core (los yog magnetic core), thiaj li hais tias voltage (los yog tam sim no) yog induced nyob rau hauv lub thib ob kauj. Transformer muaj cov tub ntxhais hlau (lossis sib nqus core) thiab coil. Lub kauj muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj windings, uas cov winding txuas nrog lub hwj chim mov yog hu ua thawj kauj, thiab cov seem windings yog hu ua theem nrab coils.
1. Tso cai kub
Thaum lub transformer khiav, nws coil thiab hlau core ua rau tooj liab poob thiab hlau poob. Cov kev poob no tau hloov mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, uas ua rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm transformer cov tub ntxhais hlau thiab coil nce. Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias tshaj qhov tso cai rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav maj mam poob nws cov neeg kho tshuab elasticity thiab hnub nyoog.
Qhov kub ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub transformer yog txawv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Qhov kub ntawm lub kauj yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, ua raws li qhov kub ntawm cov tub ntxhais. Qhov kub ntawm cov roj insulating yog qis dua li ntawm cov kauj thiab cov tub ntxhais. Cov roj kub ntawm lub transformer yog siab tshaj qhov kub ntawm cov roj. Qhov tso cai ntsuas kub thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm transformer raug tshuaj xyuas raws li cov roj kub siab. Rau Class A rwb thaiv tsev transformer nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua hauj lwm, thaum lub ambient cua kub yog mus txog 40 degree, txwv kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm transformer winding yog 105 degree. Txij li thaum qhov kub ntawm lub winding yog 10 degree siab tshaj cov roj kub, thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv cov roj zoo deterioration, lub sab sauv roj kub ntawm lub transformer yog stipulated tsis tshaj 95 degree. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov roj insulating los ntawm kev oxidizing, cov roj kub siab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 85 degree. Rau cov transformers uas siv yuam cov roj ncig dej txias thiab cua txias, cov roj kub yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 75 degree. (Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai tus nqi ntawm cov roj kub ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob no yog 80 degree)
II. Tso cai kub nce
Tsuas yog saib xyuas cov roj kub kub thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm transformer tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub transformer. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los saib xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov roj kub thiab cov cua txias - uas yog, qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab qhov ntsuas huab cua puag ncig yog hu ua qhov ntsuas kub hloov pauv. Rau Class A rwb thaiv tsev transformers, thaum lub ambient kub siab tshaj plaws yog 40 degree, lub teb chaws tus txheej txheem teev hais tias lub winding kub nce yog 65 degree thiab lub sab sauv roj kub yog tso cai rau nce mus rau 55 degree. Ntev npaum li qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsis tshaj qhov ntsuas tus nqi, lub tshuab hloov pauv tuaj yeem lav tias ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg hauv lub neej ua haujlwm raws li ntsuas ntsuas. (Lub transformer tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua rau 20 xyoo nrog cov khoom ntsuas thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj)
III. Muaj peev xwm tsim nyog
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, lub zog thauj khoom los ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv yuav tsum nyob ib puag ncig 75-90% ntawm lub peev xwm ntsuas ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv.
IV. Tsim nyog tam sim no ntau yam
Qhov siab tshaj plaws tsis sib npaug tam sim no ntawm transformer low voltage yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25% ntawm tus nqi ntsuas; qhov tso cai ntau yam ntawm transformer fais fab mov voltage hloov yog ntxiv los yog rho tawm 5% ntawm qhov ntsuas voltage.
Yog tias nws tshaj qhov ntau, tus kais hloov yuav tsum tau siv los kho qhov hluav taws xob mus rau qhov teev tseg. (Kev hloov kho yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub zog hluav taws xob tawm) Kev tswj hluav taws xob feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kais dej ntawm thawj winding. Cov cuab yeej uas txuas thiab hloov cov kais dej yog hu ua tus kais hloov pauv, uas kho qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov cov lej hloov pauv ntawm high-voltage winding ntawm lub transformer. Tsawg voltage tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub transformer nws tus kheej, tsuas yog txo qee qhov tso zis, tab sis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob; voltage nce, sib nqus flux nce, hlau core saturation, hlau core poob nce, thiab transformer kub nce.
V. Tshaj
Overload muab faib ua ib txwm overload thiab kev sib tsoo overload. Ib txwm overload yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj. Nws yuav ua rau kom qhov kub thiab txias ntawm transformer, ua rau lub transformer rwb thaiv tsev kom muaj hnub nyoog sai thiab txo nws cov kev pab cuam lub neej. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm overload feem ntau tsis tso cai. Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb, lub transformer yuav overloaded rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 30% ntawm cov rated load nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab 15% ntawm cov rated load nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub peev xwm dhau ntawm lub transformer yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov kub thiab txias ntawm transformer thiab cov chaw tsim khoom cov cai.
Thaum muaj kev huam yuaj tshwm sim hauv lub zog hluav taws xob lossis cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub zog txuas ntxiv mus rau cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, lub tshuab hloov pauv tau tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, uas yog, kev sib tsoo overload. Kev sib tsoo overload yuav ua rau lub coil kub siab tshaj qhov tso cai, yog li lub rwb thaiv tsev yuav muaj hnub nyoog sai dua nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob. Txawm li cas los xij, lub caij nyoog ntawm kev sib tsoo overload yog me me, thiab feem ntau, lub transformer yog underloaded, yog li ib tug luv luv overload yuav puas lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm transformer. Lub sijhawm thiab ntau yam ntawm kev sib tsoo overload yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov cai.